3/17/2024 0 Comments Estey organ 2478 harmony pn![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() While vaccines are one of the most successful scientific breakthroughs, the underlying immunology requires further research. Therefore, vaccine discovery has been one of the greatest achievements and one of the most economic and safe interventions of biomedical science. This can be explained by the 99% reduction in the number of polio cases since 1988, leaving only Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan as polio-endemic countries (WHO 2014) (, Accessed on 4 February, 2015). With increasing vaccine coverage, the eradication of polio is also nearly complete (WHO 2010a, b). It has been about 30 years since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the complete control and eradication of smallpox, achieved through the widespread application of the smallpox vaccine (Bonanni and Santos 2011). Since the age of Edward Jenner, vaccines have revolutionized public health worldwide, successfully saving the lives of millions of people from infectious diseases such as diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection, hepatitis B viral infection, tetanus, measles, mumps, neonatal tetanus, pertussis, pneumococcal infection, rubella, and serogroup C meningococcal infection (Rappuoli et al. ![]()
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